André Marie Ampère
French scientist, known for his important contributions to the study of electrodynamics. Ampere, the son of a Lyon city official, was born in Polemieux-auMont-d'Or, near Lyon. The ampere, the unit of electric current, is named after him. His electrodynamic theory and his views on the relationship of electricity and magnetism were published in his Recueil d'observations electrodynamiques (1822) and in his Theorie des phenomenes electrodynamiques (1826). Ampere invented the astatic needle, which made possible the modern astatic galvanometer. He was the first to show that two parallel conductors carrying currents traveling in the same direction attract each other and, if traveling in opposite directions, repel each other. This museum is housed in the home of Ampère, a dwelling which dates back two centuries. Here one can find a major collection of static electricity measurement equipment, together with lighting, telephone and telegraph devices, as well as Ampère's experiments, the first industrial applications of the turn of the century.

Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus, born in Thorn, Poland, was a cleric, a canon lawyer, and a physician, by inclination. In spite of poor eyesight, he was an established portrait painter, an astute astronomer, a great mathematician, and finally destined to become, one of the seminal figures in the history of science through his heliocentric doctrine. The proclamation and proof of his discovery ushered a new era of philosophical belief. The world today gains significant insight from his teachings today and even generations to come shall always benefit from the accomplishments from this humble man who lived a life of solitude.
Bishop's Palace was designated to become a Nicolaus Copernicus Museum; the famous astronomer lived and worked in this town, Frombork, for many years. Here Nicolaus Copernicus wrote his life-piece "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium". The exhibits illustrate the life and scientific work of the great astronomer.

Curie's family
The Curie Museum, located in the oldest part of the Curie Institute gathers a very rich scientific heritage. Visitors enter first in an exhibition space displaying scientific instruments, objects and documents marking the important stages of the history of radioactivity and its applications. An important place is devoted to the lives and the works of the Curies and Joliot-Curies, the "family of the 5 Nobel Prizes". A special atmosphere pervades the office of Marie Curie which has been left as it stood. Marie Curie worked there from 1914 till her death in 1934 .In this place is kept a large number of souvenirs of the Curies and the Joliot-Curies : their furniture, their books and also the last smock worn by Marie Curie.
The last room of the Museum is the personal chemistry laboratory of Marie Curie, restored in 1981, after decontamination. The phials, the chemical instruments and the work tables give an idea of the atmosphere and the working conditions of a laboratory at those times.

Charles Darwin
Darwin is the first of the evolutionary biologists, the originator of the concept of natural selection. His principal works marked a new epoch. His works were violently attacked and energetically defended, then; and, it seems, yet today.
Only 16 miles from the center of London, in Downe, is Charles Darwin's home, Down House, now under the management of English Heritage.
Charles Darwin lived in Down House for forty years. It is here that he wrote his major works, which of course include On The Origin of Species. His study, where he did most of his writing and microscope work, has been recreated. His "Sand Walk" for his daily walks and "thinking time" is open, out in the back of the large lawn and grounds.

Thomas Alva Edison
Thomas Alva Edison, inventor of the phonograph, the incandescent light bulb, and many other devices that make our lives fuller and simpler, was born in Milan, Ohio, in 1847. The Edison Birthplace Museum features a collection of rare Edisonia, including examples of many of Edison's early inventions, documents, and family mementos.
The World's Greatest Inventor first made his mark on the world from this home, which has been restored and furnished as nearly as possible to its 19th Century appearance. Because much of the Edisons' original furniture was lost in moves and to a disastrous fire at their Port Huron Home, it was impossible to assemble much of the original furniture. Therefore, gifts and loans from members of the family have been supplemented by gifts and loans from friends and, in some cases, purchases of household articles of the period.

Sigmund Freud
Few figures have had so decisive and fundamental an influence on the course of modern cultural history as Sigmund Freud. Yet few figures also have inspired such sustained controversy and intense debate. Our notions of identity, memory, childhood, sexuality, and, most generally, of meaning have been shaped in relation to, and often in opposition to, Freud's work.
"Bergasse 19" is the address where Freud worked and lived with his family for almost 50 years (1891-1938) and wrote his complete works. Among its major exhibits, there are several personal possessions of his, the original furniture of the waiting room, a section of his antiques collection, a 25-minute video showing some of the Freud family's private moments. It comprises several facilities: exhibition rooms, a video room, a shop, a psychoanalytic library that is one of the largest in Europe, an archive, etc.

Sigmund Freud
The Freud Museum, at 20 Maresfield Gardens in Hampstead in London, was the home of Sigmund Freud and his family when they escaped Nazi annexation of Austria in 1938. It remained the family home until Anna Freud, the youngest daughter, died in 1982. The house, as Anna had wished, became a museum to honor her father and is now a cultural and research center.
Besides Freud's well preserved library and study, his psychoanalytic couch and his antiques collection of two thousand items, there is a bookstore with titles on Freud's life and psychoanalysis. The displays also include a portrait of Sigmund Freud by Salvador Dali (1938).

Johannes Gutenberg
Gutenberg was crowned like the most significant man of the second millenium after Jesus-Christ. Its invention in 1440 was a revolution for the European culture, which still carries its effects today. The height of Gutenberg’s art of printing is considered to be the 42-line bible. The 2 volume bible with a total of 1,282 pages was created with the help of a staff of 20. Of the 180 copies, it is assumed that 150 were printed on paper, while the remaining 30 were printed on exquisite parchment. Today, 48 copies remain in existence. Of these, two are owned by the Gutenberg museum. With this bible, that remains until today one of the most beautifully printed books of the world, Gutenberg proved that the "nova forma scribendi" was esthetically equal to hand-writings that were at their height at that time. The development of the art of printing brought about a major change in the world of writing. The spread of knowledgeand scientific discoveries promoted scientific development and became a milestone in the historical progress towards modern times.

Johannes Keplero
German astronomer and natural philosopher, noted for formulating and verifying the three laws of planetary motion. These laws are now known as Kepler's laws. Kepler proposed that the sun emits a force that diminishes inversely with distance and pushes the planets around in their orbits. Kepler published his account in a treatise entitled Mysterium Cosmographicum (Cosmographic Mystery) in 1596. This work is significant because it presented the first comprehensive and cogent account of the geometrical advantages of Copernican theory. The life and work of Kepler is on show in the museum, Kepler Gebursthaus, birthplace of Johannes Kepler with documents, models and his own manuscripts.

Leonardo da Vinci
The”Leonardo da Vinci” Gallery is one of the main attractions of this great Museum is its display of over one hundred models illustrating the work of Leonardo, foremost engineer and technologist of his era. Leonardo's output is the epitome of that extraordinary period of human history which was the Italian Renaissance, a period of great cultural advances and of great projects. Leonardo's output bears witness to who and what he was - a man who was shaped by the loveliest and most stimulating city of the time, Florence, and who embarked upon his own path of research and drawing up of ideas and plans embracing a multitude of sectors, ranging from hydraulics to mechanics, to flight, to anatomy and to optics...

Guglielmo Marconi
The G. Marconi Museum, dedicated to the origins and to the development of radiocommunications, is situated in Villa Griffone, the residence of Guglielmo Marconi's family. Here the young inventor, "father of radio" carried out his first experiments.
Thanks to the combination of historical apparatuses, CD-ROMs, videos and interactive displays, the visitor is offered the opportunity to understand the vicissitudes that characterized the development and the life of the inventor. One of the special concerns of the Museum is to promote a better and more thorough understanding of the scientific and technical knowledge related to radiocommunications. To this aim, a didactic workshop has been organised in which teen-agers are introduced to a number of experiments illustrating the developments of the history of electricity, electromagnetism and telecommunications.

Guglielmo Marconi
The U.S. National Marconi Museum is located in the historic district of Bedford, New Hampshire, marking the town’s link with Bedford, England, where Marconi, the "father of radio" spent much of his childhood. The exhibits follow with equipment, literature, audio-visual presentations - the development of radio communications from, "Spark to Space". Displayed is early Marconi wireless equipment together with the progression of radios up to the current cellular telephone exhibit. Included too, will be displays of early medical RF therapy, broadcast, amateur, mobile two-way radio and personal communication system products.